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Hearsay Evidence: Legal Basics for Non-Lawyers

If you have ever watched a legal thriller or read a John Grisham novel, you have heard attorneys or judges use the word “hearsay”. If you are involved in a lawsuit, it is helpful to have a basic understanding of this legal term. Hearsay is a type of statement that is typically not allowed as evidence in court. In legal terms, hearsay is an out of court statement used to prove the truth of the matter asserted. See, Federal Rule of Evidence (FRE) 801. For example, if we need to prove that John was at the post office on Monday, we can’t have Susan testify that John told her he was at the post office on Monday. Witnesses are only allowed to testify about what they have personally seen, experienced, or heard. The reason for this rule is that it is unfair to the other party if they can’t cross-examine John about his whereabouts. An out of court statement is simply something that a person said when they were not in court. There are several types of out of court statements that look like hearsay, but are still admissible. For example, when a witness makes a sudden exclamation out of surprise or fear or excitement, this can come into evidence. When certain requirements are met, business records may be admissible. Prior sworn testimony can be admitted into evidence. If you are the person who sued someone (“the plaintiff”) or if you have been sued (“the defendant”), it is essential for you to remember that the statements you make out of court are NOT hearsay. If you talk about something related to your lawsuit out of court, other people can testify about what you said. Under the law, this is called an admission of a party. Similarly, anything your opponent says out of court is an admission that may come into evidence. There are many nuances to the rule against hearsay that a skilled trial lawyer can use to get hearsay into evidence or keep it out. If your lawyer knows about out of court statements that hurt your case, your lawyer may be able to keep them out of evidence. The most important takeaway is to keep your lawyer informed about everything you have said about your case to other people. You should not discuss your case with anyone outside of your legal team. Also, inform your lawyer about everything you have heard anyone else say about the facts of your case. If you are our client and have questions about hearsay, one of our experienced trial lawyers would be glad to answer your questions.

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Court Funding Crisis

We created this blog to provide timely and useful information about important legal issues. As a rule, we stay away from politics. This is one of those rare times when we will discuss something that you may consider political.  We do so because this issue is one that effects everyone who relies on the courts for justice. In fact, we believe the issue of fair court funding is NOT a political issue, but a Constitutional necessity. Many of the state and federal courts in our great country face a serious funding crisis. This crisis manifests itself in different ways in different states and in different courts. For example, in San Diego, California, court reporters are only permitted to record proceedings for 30 minutes. After that time, they are required to unplug their steno machines and leave. If either party requires the proceedings to be recorded to preserve a record for appeal, they must hire a private court reporter to do so. In Boston, Massachussetts, civil cases are delayed because the Constitution requires courts to give priority to criminal cases and there are not enough judges and court personnel to handle the civil cases promptly. In Kansas, the law has been changed to allow a longer period of time before the judicial nominating commission is informed it needs to meet to recommend nominees to replace retiring judges. This allows the state to delay paying for a replacement judge, but can result in too few judges to hear cases promptly. We even have some courts that haven’t had sufficient money for copy paper. There are many other examples throughout the country of real people suffering hardship because they can’t get their cases heard promptly. There are parents who go months without seeing their child because they can’t get a hearing on child custody issues. There are business owners who can’t collect lawful debts. There are personal injury victims who are out of work due to their injuries, but can’t get to court because there aren’t enough judges and court personnel to promptly hear the cases. In most states, the court system costs less than 1% of the state’s annual budget. Rather than saving money, cuts to court funding cost our economy billions of dollars. A recent economic analysis showed that delayed justice costs our economy roughly $52.5 billion dollars in lost investment income annually! See, “ECONOMIC IMPACT OF REDUCED JUDICIARY FUNDING AND RESULTING DELAYS IN STATE CIVIL LITIGATION”, Nels Pearsall, Bo Shippen, and Roy Weinstein, March 2012, published by ERS Group, Micronomics. This economic loss occurs because litigants do not use money that is at risk or that is in dispute for purchases or investments until the litigation is completed. So, what can we do about this problem? The American Bar Association’s Tort Trial and Insurance Practice Section, under the leadership of Section Chair Mike Drumke, has put together a Task Force on Fair Court Funding to reach the legislatures in all 50 states to work towards obtaining fair court funding nationwide. Rick Morefield of this firm and Dan Gourash of Seeley, Savidge, Ebert & Gourash are co-chairing that effort. We have a great deal of information that can equip you to talk with your state legislators and other persons of influence to correct this serious problem. Check out the TIPS Fair Court Funding Toolkit for more information. TIPS has also produced a brief Fair Court Funding Video that provides helpful insight into this crisis. Please join with us in in helping to solve this very serious issue that affects clients, lawyers, courts, and our economy.

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Don’t Get Caught by the Juror Phishing Scam

According to the U.S. Courts website, individuals in Kansas and other states are being targeted once again by a juror phishing scam. Scammers seek to obtain personal identifiers and credit card and/or debit card information by phone or email, and by use of a fraudulent online jury questionnaire. Some scammers are going as far as to threaten fines and even arrest for members of the public who do not comply with the request for information. Both the Kansas and Missouri Courts’ websites have posted warnings regarding these scams. Kansas and Missouri courts will not contact potential jurors to request social security numbers or banking information by phone or email. If you believe you have received one of these calls or emails, please visit your state court website for information on reporting the scam. To read more: http://news.uscourts.gov/new-year-old-juror-scam Tomi Holt is a paralegal and legal administrator with Morefield Speicher Bachman, LC. The content of this blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended to provide legal advice on any issues addressed.

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