
Independent Contractor vs. Employee: Understanding Classification and Legal Risks
Correctly classifying workers as either independent contractors or employees is a crucial decision for business owners. This classification impacts tax obligations, employment law compliance, and potential legal risks. Misclassification can result in significant financial penalties and liability. With evolving legal interpretations—including potential shifts in judicial review under the Chevron Doctrine, business owners should stay informed and proactive in their worker classification practices. Independent Contractor vs. Employee: Why It Matters for Businesses The distinction between an independent contractor and an employee affects a wide range of legal and financial considerations for businesses, including: Taxation: Business owners must withhold and submit income taxes, and pay Social Security and Medicare taxes for employees, whereas independent contractors handle their own tax obligations. Compliance & Liability: Employees are entitled to benefits such as minimum wage, overtime pay, and workers’ compensation, while independent contractors are not. Utilizing independent contractors can reduce employer obligations, but misclassification leads to significant compliance risks. Control & Flexibility: Businesses have greater control over employees’ work and schedules, whereas independent contractors operate with much greater autonomy. Legal & Financial Risk: Misclassification can lead to penalties from the IRS, Department of Labor, and state agencies, including having to pay back wages, fines, and tax liabilities. Key Factors in Worker Classification Federal and state laws use different tests to determine whether a worker is an independent contractor or an employee. Among many other factors, business owners should consider: Degree of Control: Does the business dictate how, when, and where the work is done? Financial Independence: Does the worker have an independent business and bear their own expenses? Nature of Work Relationship: Is the work integral to the company’s core operations, and is it an ongoing relationship? How the Chevron Doctrine Could Impact Business Owners For decades, the Chevron Doctrine, established by the Supreme Court in Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. (1984), required courts to defer to federal agencies’ interpretations of ambiguous laws. However, with the doctrine now overturned, courts are no longer bound to defer to agencies like the Department of Labor when interpreting worker classification laws. This change introduces greater legal uncertainty, as courts will now have more discretion in interpreting employment laws, potentially leading to inconsistent rulings across different jurisdictions. As a result, businesses facing disputes over worker classification may have a stronger position when challenging agency regulations in court. However, without the uniform deference to agency guidance, businesses must be more diligent in staying updated on local legal rulings, and should consult legal counsel to ensure compliance. Employers and their legal counsel should closely monitor how courts handle classification cases in this new legal landscape, and adjust their policies accordingly to avoid costly litigation and compliance risks. Best Practices for Businesses To mitigate misclassification risks, business owners should: Review Contracts Carefully: Ensure agreements with independent contractors accurately reflect their status and responsibilities. Business owners should be careful to not “overreach” in attempts to control independent contractors to such an extent they could be classified as employees. Conduct Internal Audits: Regularly assess worker classifications to ensure compliance with federal and state laws. Seek Legal Guidance: Consult a business law attorney to analyze complex classification issues and reduce exposure to liability. MSB Law: Helping Values-Driven Business Owners Navigate Employment Law Compliance A critical element of being a values-driven business owner, whether in Kansas City or beyond, is taking care of your people and everyone critical to the success of your business, including employees and independent contractors. To do that well and to reduce legal risks, it’s critical to understand employment classification laws. We love serving as trusted legal counsel for values-driven business owners. So whether you need guidance on structuring independent contractor agreements, ensuring compliance with shifting regulations, defending against misclassification claims, or anything else business law related, we’re here to serve. For expert legal counsel on independent contractor vs. employee classification, contact MSB Law today.